"Generally, a betting system for which each wager depends only on present resources and present probability of success is known as a Markov betting system."

“Although the major gambling casinos do not maintain statistical records on the results of games of Craps, one event has been recorded-that wherein a young man achieved 28 consecutive "passes" at the Desert Inn Casino, Las Vegas, Nevada . Odds against such an event are 400 million to 1.”

“A weakness of the random-walk model lies in its assumption of instantaneous adjustment, whereas the information impelling a stock market toward its "intrinsic value" gradually becomes disseminated throughout the market place.”

“While no rigorous proof of an optimal strategy has been achieved, Robbins has proposed the principal of "staying on a winner" and has shown it to be uniformly better than a strategy of random selection.”

“The first-known public lottery was sponsored by Augustus Caesar to raise funds for repairing the city of Rome; the first public lottery awarding money prizes, the Lotto de Firenze, was established in Florence in 1530.”

“One of the oldest mythological fables tells of Mercury playing at dice with Selene and winning from her the five days of the epact .”

“A proven theorem of game theory states that every game with complete information possesses a saddle point and therefore a solution.”