Michael Witzel

"In general, the books of RV level I are thoroughly South Asian and have reference to local climate, trees and animals. We therefore have to take them seriously at their word, and cannot claim that the…"

"“The river Yavyavati is mentioned once in the RV; it has been identified with the Zhob in E. Afghanistan. At PB 25.7.2, however, nothing points to such a W. localisation. The persons connected with it…"

"Book 5 even knows, in a hymn not suspected as an addition, of the Yamunā."

"“Book 8 concentrates on the whole of the west: cf. camels, mathra horses, wool, sheep. It frequently mentions the Sindhu, but also the Seven Streams, mountains and snow.” “lists numerous tribes that a…"

"The IAs, as described in the RV, represent something definitely new in the subcontinent The obvious conclusion should be that these new elements somehow came from the outside."

"By contrast, the Pürus, who along with the Bharatas appeared on the scene later, began to use the designation “Five Peoples” immediately: as dis­cussed above, they probably regarded themselves as bein…"

"Theoretically, since Gartsamada Saunaka is made a Bhargava, he could be later than Book 6."

"dated to c.2200/2100-1700/1600 BC", "the earliest attested traces of Aryan material culture "and even of Aryan belief". .. "remnants of horse sacrifices and primitive horse drawn chariots with spoked …"